Stockbroker

Stockbroking as a Career

Stockbroking is a high-profile career which offers great financial rewards. Today, the National Stock Exchange provides a nation-wide network of trading facilities. Automated trading facilities and transparency in market operations call for professionals who can meet the demands and expectations of investors. Accordingly, the stock-broking business draws many specialists for its operations – stockbrokers, economists, accountants, finance managers, financial analysts, capital market spe-cialists as well as investment and financial planners. To be a stockbroker,you have to be a graduate with a minimum of two years work experience in a stockbrok-ing firm. Registration for bro-kership is granted on the basis of experience as a sub-bro-ker and on the recom-mendation of a registered broker.

A postgraduate course in Finance & Control/Commerce/Economics is useful for entry into this business.
Training Institutes: (1) Bombay Stock Exchange's BSE Training Institute, Mumbai; (2) The All India Centre for Capital Market Stud-ies, JDB Institute of Management Studies & Research, Nasik-422 005; (3) The Institute of Capital Market Development, 1965, Arya Samaj Road, Karol Bagh, Delhi-5; (4) The Institute of Company Secretaries of India, ICSI House, 22, Institutional Area, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003; (5) The Orion Institute of Capital Market, S-11, Adarshini Plaza, 91, Adchini, Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi; (6) The UTI Institute of Capital Markets, Plot 82, Sector-17, Vashi, Navi Mumbai-400 705.

Audio-Visual Media

Audio-Visual Media

The Profession: The audio visual industry demands technical finesse and aesthetic excellence. There is a general tendency towards multi-skilling in the industry and this in turn supports team co-ordination. At the primary level are available front end jobs like Announcers, Presenters, Anchors of Programmes, News Readers etc. An applicant for these jobs should possess a warm and genial personality, well-modulated voice and goodlooks. Those with experience in Journalism can find employment as Reporters/Correspondents. Video/Disc Jockeys (VJ's/DJ's) is another high profile job in this industry. The person should be a good conversationalist with an affable personality, ability to think quickly, capable of quick repartee, a grasp of current affairs and ability to cleverly balance music with chat.

Trained Meteorologists can work in the Audio visual media as weather presenters. Literary and Art critics can present book reviews, conduct interviews with important personalities in the related field and initiate discussions on current trends in art and literature. Specialists in specific fields like law, science, politics etc. can host talk shows and discussions on current trends in their fields.

On the technical side are the editors and vision mixers who are responsible for actually creating the product format that we see on the screen.

The Producer manages the entire production operation and controls the team. He selects the team members, assigns them
their different roles, controls the budget and makes key decisions. Management skills are important for a producer.
The creative process is controlled by the Director. He directs the operations of the creative team. Training courses for directors exist in film institutes but of course a lot is learnt from experience.

Production Assistants coordinate the different aspects of the production. Technicians are involved in the installation, opera-tion and maintenance of electronic equipments. Sound Recordists/Recording Engineers work on video and sound recording equip-ments. Camera operators and cinematographers are involved in visualising the script and operating the camera equipment. Trained cosmetologists have a role to play in the visual media as make-up artists.
Scene Painters, Set Designers, Art Director, Production De-signer and Costume Designer are other jobs related to TV and films. Set Designer handles the infrastructural needs of the unit. Art Director designs the setting or scene of action. Costume Designer organises the appropriate costumes for the actors. Training in these areas is available in Art and Design Schools.

Another significant job in the Audio Visual media is that of the scriptwriter. He writes the story, sequence of action and dialogues of the production. Scriptwriters have to orient their styles to suit the media of choice. In the visual media they should think visu-ally. While scripting for a Radio presentation they should present the visual audibly.
Choreographers manage the dance sequences in the production. A good sense of rhythm and an ear for music are essential.

Performers/Artists enact the written script in front of the camera. Acting can be learnt in the Acting/Drama schools. The aspirant should have an innate talent for histrionics which can be burnished in the acting school.
These are just some of the employment opportunities available in this field.

Job Market:
Public sector media organisations offer regular employment opportunities to the trained personnel. Satellite TV networks, advertisement agencies, film production companies are also potential sources of employment. Lots of opportunity exist for free lancers too.

List of Institutions
1. Andhra University, Waltair-530 003, Andhra Pradesh
2. Anna University Audio Visual Research Centre (AVRC), Chennai-600 025
3. Ashok Kumar Academy of Dramatic Arts, Mumbai
4. Asian Academy of Film and Television, Marwah Studios Complex, FC-14/15, Film City, Sector-16A, NOIDA-201 301
5. Bee Bee Infomedia Ltd, 6/121, Nityanand Nagar, 4, Andheri East, Mumbai-400 069
6. Bhartendu Academy of Dramatic Arts (Autonomous Train-ing Institute, Dept. of Culture, Govt. of U.P.) A-2/58, Vishal Khand-2, Gomtinagar, Lucknow-226 010
7. Department of Communication Studies, University of Pune, Pune-411 007
8. Department of Mass Communication, Nagpur University, University Campus, Amravati Road, Nagpur
9. Dr. B.S. Ambedkar Marathwada University, Auranga-bad-431 004
10. Film and Television Institute of India, Law College Road, Pune-411 004
11. Film and Television Institute of Tamilnadu, Adyar, Chennai-600 113
12. Image Acting School, Brahma Studio, Film City, NOIDA-201 301
13. Indian Institute of Mass Communication, PB No. 21, Dhen-kanal-759 001
14. Indian Institute of Mass Communications, Aruna Asaf AliMarg, JNU, New Campus, New Delhi-110 067
15. Indira Memorial Institute of Film & Television Technology, Berhampur-760 004
16. Institute of Film Technology, Adyar, Chennai-600 020
17. Institute of Film Technology, Adyar, Chennai-600 020
18. Manipal Institute of Communication, Udayavani Building, Press Corner, Manipal-576 119
19. Mass Communication Research Centre, Jamia Milla Islamia, New Delhi
20. MS University, Vadodara-390 002, Gujarat
21. National Institute of Design, Paldi, Ahmedabad-7
22. National School of Drama, Bahawalpur House, Bhag-wandas Road, New Delhi-110 001
23. Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 007
24. Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry-605 014
25. Rabindra Bharati University, 6/4, Dwarakanath Tagore Lane, Calcutta-700 077
26. Rupam National Institute of Electronic Communication, Kunda, Amber, Jaipur-303 101
27. Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Sambalpur-768 019
28. Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute, E.M. Bye Pass Road, Calcutta-700 094
29. St. Xaviers Institute of Communication, Mumbai-1
30. Symbiosis Institute of Mass Communication (SIMC), Se-napati Bapat Road, Pune-411 004
31. Technical Teachers Training Institute, Sector 26, Chandigarh-160 019
32. University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500 046
33. University of Mysore, Mysore-570 005
34. University of Rajasthan, Gandhi Nagar, Jaipur-302 004

The Film and TV Institute of India (FTII), Pune offers the following Film and TV courses: 1. Basic course in Film & TV. 2. Certificate Course in (i) Film Direction (Film & TV); (ii) Au-diography (Film & TV); (iii) Cinematography (Film & TV); (iv) Editing (Film & TV). 3. Diploma Course in (i) Film Direction; (ii) Audio-graphy; (iii) Cinematography; (iv) Editing.
Duration of Course - 10 months to 1 year.
Eligibility: (a) Basic Course - Graduation in any discipline from a recognised university. (b) Certificate Course - success-ful completion of Basic Course (c) Diploma Course - Successful completion of Certificate Course.
Selection is done on the basis of written test and interview.
Centre for Development of Imaging Technology (C-DIT), Thiruvananthapuram-695 022. Offers: P.G. Diploma in Science and Development Communication (DSDC) - Duration: 1 year; Eligibility: B.A in any discipline with 50% marks.

Banking Services

Banking Services

There are different types of banks such as the nationa-lised banks, scheduled banks, foreign banks, private sector banks etc.The nationalised banks account for over 80% of the commercial banking industry in the country. With the abolition of the Banking Service Recruitment Board, nationalised banks now conduct their own examinations to select banking personnel.

Selection to SBI
The advertisement for the written examination appears in November-December and the examinations are usually held in April next.

Selection to other Nationalised Banks
The advertisement for the Test appears in August-September and the examination is held early next year.

Eligibility for Probationary Officers
Graduates between the age of 21-30 years can write the com-petitive examination. Those who qualify the competitive exami-nation are invited for the interview.

Examination
Written Test consists of Objective Type and Descriptive Type papers. The objective paper comprises.
(a) Test of Reasoning; (b) Quantitative Aptitude; (c) General Awareness; (d) English Language.
The Descriptive Test written either in English or Hindi consists of short questions on a given situation.
Interview: The Interview evaluates the personality, commu-nication skills and general awareness of the candidate.
The selected person joins the bank as a Probationary Officer for 2 years after which he becomes a regular staff member.
Selection of other subsidiary staff: The clerical staff in Banks are also selected on the basis of an All India Entrance Test and Interview. Typists and Stenographers will be tested for proficiency and skill in their respective trades. Age is between 21 and 28 years.
Private Sector and Foreign Banks: Get their middle management level employees from those already experienced in the Banking sector. The entry level management jobs are filled through campus selection organised in reputed management colleges. Recruitment to Junior level jobs are done on the basis of written test and in-terview. The candidate should be a graduate with computer profi-ciency. There is no set pattern for selection to private sector banks. Selection is usually on the basis of written test and interview. Group Discussions are also likely to be part of the selection process.

Important Addresses
1. Central Recruitment Board, State Bank of India, H/2, Shivsagar Estate, Dr. Annie Besant Road, Mumbai-25
2. Institute of Banking Personnel Selection, Paper Box Estate, Mahakali Road, Andheri (E), Mumbai-400 093

Future Prospects
This sector is undergoing radical change. The new liberalisa-tion policies have made this a highly competitive field. There is immense scope for growth.

Banking Courses

Diploma Courses

Eligibility : Graduation (unless mentioned)

Eastern Region
Utkal University, PO Vani Vihar, Bhubaneshwar 751004.
Dip in Bank Management (1 year)

Northern Region
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002
Dip. in Bank Administration (1 year)
Dip. in Banking & Insurance
Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001 Haryana
Dip. in Banking Management (1 year)
Guru Ghasidas University, PO Koni, Bilaspur 495005 MP
Dip. in Banking (1 year)
Ravishankar University, Raipur 492010 MP
Dip. in Banking & Business Management (1 year)

Western Region
University of Rajasthan, Udaipur 302 004
Dip in Banking Cooperation (1 year)
Dip. in Banking and Finance (1 year)
Maharaj Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002
Dip. in Commercial & Banking Law
Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380003
Certificate Course in Banking Management (1 year)
Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004
Diploma in Banking (1 year)
Eligibility : Master's Degree IInd Class
Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431604
Certificate course in Management of Bank Funds
Eligibility : 10+2
SNDT Women's University, 1, Nathibai Thackersay Road, Mumbai 400020
Dip in Banking (1 year)
University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune 211007
Dip. in Banking (1 year)
Guru Ghasidas University, PO Koni, Bilaspur 495009
Dip. in Banking (1 year)

Southern Region
Sri Venkateshwara University, Tirupati 517502
Banking & Accountancy (1 year)
University of Madras, Centenary Bldg., Chepauk, Madras 600005
Certificate in Banking (6 months).


Diploma Courses (Graduate/Post Graduate)

Eligibility : 10+2 (unless mentioned)

Eastern Region
Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal 795003, Manipur
BA (Banking) (3 years)
Southern Region

Bharatidasan University, Palkalai Perum, Tiruchirapalli 620024
BA Bank Management (3 years)
University of Madras, Centenary Bldg., Chepauk, Madras 600005
BBM (Banking Mgmt.)

Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics is one of the most sought-after courses these days. However, breaking into this new field is not as simple as it might appear. Unlike in the IT boom, where a diploma in pro-gramming offered lucrative jobs, in the field of bio-informatics an entry-level position requires more expertise.

Strongest demand mainly exists for individuals with degrees in the life sciences and computer sciences, and multiple years of programming and database development experience. Typical com-binations include, a PhD in molecular biology, or biochemistry and B.S. in computer sciences. Life science PhDs, largely self-taught in key computer skills, with industry experience, have good op-portunities. People who emerge from the few doctoral programmes in bioinformatics have tremendous opportunities.

Biopharma companies look for candidates with computer science skills for positions at the staff scientist and senior staff scientist levels. That's largely because databases and search tools are still being developed. Emphasis is expected to shift in a few years to interpreting information in databases. Companies will then look for biologists with the right computational skills. Skills required: Knowledge of UNIX, the operating system used for many computational biology programmes, a good grasp of the concept of relational databases, which are the heart of bioinformatics; and skill with Structured Query Language (SQL), a language used to query databases. In the future, knowledge of object-oriented databases may be increasingly important. Programming skills are also essen-tial. Skills with C, the programming language will help individuals learn Perl, the scripting language widely used in bioinformatics. Object-oriented languages, such as Java, will be increasingly im-portant. Expert knowledge of sequence-analysis programmes like BLAST and FASTA is critical. Web skills are essential, including the ability to write some Hypertext markup Language (HTML).

Recruiters often go overboard over applicants who have applied computational biology skills in a practical way.The individual who wrote a program, for instance, and used it in thesis or postdoctoral work, might have an advantage over a similar individual who just took programming courses.

There is a growing demand for bioinformaticians. This field also has the impetus to grow parellel to the IT industry. At pres-ent, the opportunities in India are rather limited, but the scenario is expected to change soon.
Bioinformatics: Where to study

Major institutes/universities in India, offering a specialised course in this line are:
1. Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB) in Bangalore URL:http://www.ibab.ac.in/
2. Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi provides courses in Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology. IIT Kharagpur also provides various courses in this area. You need to qualify IIT-JEE Entrance exam for admission into IITs.
3. There is an Advanced (Graduate) Diploma in Bio-informatics offered by the Bioinformatics Centre at the Jawaharlal Nehru University. URL:http://202.41. 10.34/dip.html
4. Madurai Kamaraj University in Madurai, claims to have been the first in the country to initiate a bioinformatics programme and advanced diploma in bioinformatics at its School of Bio-technology. URL:http://www.biotechmku.org/
5. The University of Pune, Maharashtra offers an Advanced Diploma in Bioinformatics at the Bioinfo-rmatics Centre. URL:http://bioinfo.ernet.in/
6. Bioinformatics Institute of India, B-15, Sector-3, Noida-201 301. Ph: 0120-2442815, 2442816, 2528421. E-mail: info@ bioinformaticscentre.org; Web: www. bioinfor maticcentre.org - offers a correspondence course on one year post graduate diploma in biomedical informatics.
7. Mar Athanasios College for Advanced Studies (MACFAST), Thiruvalla, Kerala-689 101; Ph: 0464-2733534, 2603332, 2703874; Web: www. macfast. org


Cheminformatics
Cheminformatics, the combination of chemical synthesis, biological screening and data-mining approaches used to guide drug discovery and development, will be the most sought after science in coming future. The integration of cheminformatics with related disciplines such as genomics, proteomics and the application of these sciences are the most sought-after careers across the globe.

The Institute of Cheminformatics Studies,
B-15, Sector-3, Noida-201301, U.P.
Ph: 0120-2442815, 2442816, 2518421;
E-mail: info@cheminformaticscentre.org - offers a Post Grad-uate Diploma course of one year duration in Cheminformatics.

Biostatistics

Biostatistics

Biostatistics is a multi-faceted field involving the application of statistical methods and techniques to data collection, data management and data analysis related to living organisms and biological systems. It also involves the application of experimental design, projection methods, descriptive statistics and specific applications to biological disciplines. Yet another aspect involves studying the risk factors that lead to the devel-opment of a disease. The real skill of a statistician lies in identifying and assessing the sample and accurately analysing the mass of data. Biostatisticians also analyse clinical trials of new medicines before they are released into the market.

Courses in Biostatistics are available at the PG level in the following institutions.
1. Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), 203, Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata-700 035
2. Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), 7, SJS Sansanwal Marg, New Delhi-110 016
3. Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, PO IIT Powai, Mumbai-400 076
4. Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, Chen-nai
5. University of Madras, Centenary Bldgs, Chepauk, Chennai-600 005
6. University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007

Biometrics

Biometrics

Once the stuff of Futuristics and science fiction, biometrics - the authentication of identity through an individual’s unique physical or behavioural traits has been hailed as one of the top 10 emerging technologies that will change the world. Common physical biometrics includes fingerprints, hand geometry, retina, iris and facial characteristics. Behavioural characteristics include signature, voice, keystroke pattern and gait. Iris-recognition based systems for access to high security areas and biometric signatures for speedy clearance of large quantities of cheques in a bank are already in use. The challenge lies in making them more userfriendly and fool-proof by minimising the FAR (false acceptance rate) wherein a wrong person is given access and FRR (false rejection rate) wherein the right person is denied access. An army of biologists, forensic and software experts are involved in research and development of new applications.

Biotechnology &Genetic Engineering

Biotechnology &Genetic Engineering

Biotechnology has impressed itself on almost every sphere of human life. In Medicine, it has helped in improving accuracy of diagnosis and treatment of disease and in the synthesis of new and improved drugs. The production of foods with enhanced nu-tritional value, enzymes for preserving foods, are just some of the contributions of Biotechnology to the Processed Food Industry. In agriculture it has helped in eradicating crop diseases improving the quality of food production and livestock. Biotechnology has also explored new sources of energy, new methods of pollution control and waste management.

Job Market:
Lots of opportunity exist in the agri-chemical, fer-tilizer and pharmaceutical processing industries, in the private and public sector. Industries dealing with tracking new energy sources and finding new methods of waste management also require the assistance of biotechnologists. They can also find employment in the R&D labs of government as well as private companies.

Training
Basic qualification required for doing a course in Biotechnology is a pass in the 10+2/equivalent examination in the science steam. Thereafter the aspirant can proceed for a degree in any of the following disciplines – Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Med-icine, Life Sciences, Genetics, Pharmacy, Microbiology, Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Chemical Technology, Food Technology, Human Biology etc.

After graduation in any of these disciplines many institutes offer M.Sc Biotechnology.

A 4 year B.Tech programme in Biotechnology is offered to 10+2 candidates at, Anna University, Chennai and Jadavpur University, Calcutta.

10+2/equivalent candidates are also eligible for a 51/2 year Inte-grated M.Tech programme at IIT, Delhi and IIT, Kharagpur. For admission to IIT, a pass in the IIT-JEE is required.

M.Tech in Biotechnology is also offered by the AIIMS, Delhi, Jadavpur University, Calcutta and Anna University, Chennai.

Career Prospects
The effects of the Bio industrial revolution are expected to exceed the zones directly affected by it. The future projections of this industry are phenomenal. As yet the Biotech industry is still in a state of infancy in India. When India catches up with the world in the Biotech revolution, there will be immense opportunities for experts in this field.

List of Institutions offering courses in Biotechnology
1. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Marg, New Delhi-110 029
2. Amravati University, Amravati-44 602
3. Banasthali Vidyapeeth, Rajasthan-304 022
4. Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, Tamil Nadu
5. Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme, VII Kankurgachi, Cal-cutta-700 054
6. Calicut University, Kozhikode-673 635, Kerala
7. Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-25
8. Centre for Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Pondi-cherry-605 014
9. Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003
10. Consortium India Ltd., G-6, (3rd Floor), NDSE Part 1, New Delhi
11. Department of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore-452 001, Madhya Pradesh
12. Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143 005
13. Department of Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Calcutta-700 032
14. Department of Biotechnology, Punjab University, Chandi-gardh-160 014
15. Department of Marine Sciences, Goa University, Goa-5
16. Department of Microbiology, M.S. University, Vadodara-390 002, Gujarat
17. Department of Zoology, Poona University, Pune-411 007, Maharashtra
18. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurang-abad-431 004
19. Faculty of Applied Science, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam-686 560, Kerala
20. Faculty of Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pant Nagar-263 145, Nainital Dist. Uttar Pradesh
21. Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, Haryana
22. Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-171 005
23. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110 012
24. Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012
25. Indian Institute of Technology, Haus Khas, New Delhi-6
26. Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-723 102
27. Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai-400 076
28. Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Uttar Pradesh
29. Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Masab Tank, Mahaveer Marg, Hyderabad, AP
30. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110 067
31. Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474 011
32. Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136 119
33. North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon-425 002
34. Osmania University, Administrative Building, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh-500 007
35. Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur-492 010, Chhat-tisgarh
36. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab
37. Punjab University, Patiala-147 002
38. Rajendra Agricultural University, PO Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar
39. School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021
40. School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Vara-nasi-221 005
41. School of Life Sciences, Central University, Hydera-bad-500 134
42. Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded-431 603
43. Tezpur University, Tezpur-784 001
44. University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007
45. University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500 046
46. University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram-34, Kerala
47. University of Madras, Centenary Buildings, Chepauk, Trip-licane PO, Chennai-600 005, TN
48. University of Mysore, Mysore-570 005
49. University of Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667

Further study in this field would involve a doctoral research. A success in the CSIR-UGC JRF examination would be ideal for this. Some of the centres where Biotechnology labs are equipped with advanced facilities are:
1. National Facility for Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC) at Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh
2. National Facility for Collection of Blue Green Algae (BGA) Collection at IARI, New Delhi
3. National Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria at Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli
4. National Facility for Plant Tissue Culture Repository at NBPGR, Pusa, New Delhi
5. National Laboratory Animal House Facilities at Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow
6. National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad

Genetic Engineering labs with latest infrastructure facilities are:
1. BHU, Varanasi
2. Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre at IMTECH, Chandigarh
3. Centre for DNA Finger Printing and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad
4. JNU, New Delhi
5. Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu
6. National Facility for Animal Cell and Tissue Culture, Pune
7. National Institute of Immunology (NII), New Delhi
8. The Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.

Chartered Financial Analyst

Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA)

The MS (Finance) Program is unique in that it addresses the broader financial and managerial issues in the areas of Corporate Finance, International Finance, Investment Management and Fi-nancial Services. The MS (Finance) Program has been developed and is constantly reviewed in the context of the present and the future needs of the corporate sector, the investment industry and the financial sector.

Eligibility: The Program is designed for the benefit of graduates from any discipline. The duration of the MS (Finance) Program is two years. Enrollments into the MS (Finance) Program are open throughout the year. Examinations are held 4 times in a year at 66 Centres all over the country.

Job Market
Qualified CFAs can find suitable placements in the financial services sector. Multinational Finance Companies, Consultancy Services, Exim Bank, Corporate Groups, Insurance Companies, Investment Banks, Commercial Banks, Portfolio Management Firms etc. are healthy hunting grounds for the CFA. With the teeming growth in the Finance sector, the prospects for the CFA are vibrant and cheerful.

List of Training Centres
Head Quarters
1. Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India (ICFAI) Road No. 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad-500 034

Associate Centres
1. Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835 215
2. Institute of Financial Management and Research, Nungam-bakkam, Chennai-600 034
3. Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, V.L.Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-56
4. S.P. Jain Institute of Management and Research, Munshi Nagar, Andheri (W), Mumbai-400 058
5. Somaiya Institute of Management, Vidyanagar, Mumbai-7
6. Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneshwar-751 013

Details about ICFAI Courses can be had from the different study centres
Study Centres in Kerala
1. The ICFAI University, Rukiya Bagh Bldg, Ist Floor, Near Deepa Theatre, Ravipuram, MG Road, Ernakulam-682 016, Ph: 0484-2369763, 2382294
2. Calicut: 2nd Floor, Kannankandy Building, (Opp. Noble auto Agencies), Near Arayadathpalam, PO Pathiyara, Ma-voor Road, Calicut-673 004, Ph: 0495-2722660
3. Kollam: Ist Floor, CSI Building, Near Dhanya Theatre, CSI Christ Church Charitable Society Building, Kadapakada, Kollam-691 008, Ph: 0474-3091485
4. Kottayam: 3rd Floor, Logos Centre, Logos Junction, Sastri Road, Kottayam Municipality Ward 9/1478, Kottayam-686
001, Ph: 0481-2561131
5. Thrissur: 3rd Floor, Marva Arcade, Above Lord Krishna Bank, Room No. 806/19, M.G. Road, Corporation Ward No. 25, Thrissur, Ph: 0487-3090920
6. Trivandrum: TC No. 24/459 (3), Ist Floor, Suganth Building, (Opp. Kerala State Council Child Welfare), Music Academy Road, Thycaud, Trivandrum-695 036, Ph: 0471-2320853, 2321302

Civil Service

Civil Service Examination (CSE)

It is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) every year. The first stage of the selection process is announced in November-December every year. The selection is done in 3 stages.
Stage I: Preliminary Examination (Prelims)
Stage II: Main Examination
Stage III: Interview Test
Candidates move into the next stage through a process of elimi-nation. The Prelims are held in May-June and results announced in July-August. The Main examination is held in October-November and those who qualify here are invited to the interview in March-April next.

Eligibility
IAS and IPS applicants should be citizens of India. For other services the applicant should be:
(a) Subject of Bhutan/Nepal or (b) A Tibetan refugee who came to India before 1.1. 1962 with the intention of permanently settling in India or (c) A person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia and Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India.
Candidates belonging to (a), (b), (c) categories should be a person in whose favour a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the government of India. Candidates belonging to (a), (b), (c) are not eligible for appointment to the IFS.
Educational Qualification: Graduate in any discipline aged between 21-30 years.

About the Examination
Stage I: The Prelims: Is an objective type examination with questions in the multiple choice format. The examination consists of 2 papers:
(1) General Studies (150 Marks); (2) Optional subject to be selected from a list of 23 subjects (300 marks).
Duration of each paper is 2 hours.
There is no negative marking and the score in the Prelims does not affect the ranking in the final merit list.
Stage II: Main Examination (Mains): This examination consists of 9 papers: Paper I - Indian Language - 300 marks - 3 hours; Paper II - English - 300 marks - 3 hours. Marks obtained in these papers do not affect the ranking. But only those who fulfill minimum standards in Paper I & II will be evaluated for the other papers. Paper III - Essay - 200 marks - 3 hours; Paper IV & V-General Studies-300 marks each - 3 hours; Paper VI & VII - Optional Subject I - 300 marks each - 3 hours; Paper VIII and IX - Optional Subject 2 - 300 marks each - 3 hours.
The optionals for the Main Examination are to be chosen from a given list of 25 subjects. They are:
Agriculture, Management, Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Mathematics, Anthropology, Mechanical Engineering, Botany, Medical Science, Chemistry, Philosophy, Civil Engineering, Physics, Commerce & Accountancy, Political Science and International Relations, Economics, Psychology, Electrical Engi-neering, Public Administration, Geography, Sociology, Geology, Statistics, History, Zoology, Law, Literature of one of the following languages: Arabic, Assamese, Bengali, Chinese, English, French, German, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri , Konkani, Marathi, Malayalam, Manipuri, Nepali, Oriya, Pali, Persian, Punjabi, Rus-sian, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telegu, Urdu.
Stage III: Interview: The interview carries 300 marks. The objective of the interview is to assess the person-ality, leadership qualities, judgement, and moral in-tegrity of the candidate and evaluate his overall fitness for public service. The interview is usually held in April-May.
The aggregate score in the Mains & Interview decides the posi-tion of the candidate in the Merit List. If he secures a high position, the candidate is entitled to select the service of his choice; but if he ranks low, he will have to settle for the service offered him. Of course a dissatisfied candidate can make a fresh attempt. A total of 4 attempts is allowed. For further details write to:
1. Under Secretary (CSP), Union Public Service Commission, Dholpur House, New Delhi-110 011
Civil Services

The different services to which recruitment is done every year through the Civil Services Examination (CSE) are:
1. Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Service, Group ‘B’ (As-sistant Civilian Staff Officer’s Grade)
2. Central Secretariat Service, Group ‘B’ (Section Officer’s Grade)
3. Custom Appraisers’ Service, Group ‘B’
4. Delhi and Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Civil Service, Group ‘B’
5. Delhi and Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Police Service, Group ‘B’
6. Indian Administrative Service (IAS)
7. Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Group ‘A’
8. Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group ‘A’
9. Indian Customs and Central Excise Service Group ‘A’
10. Indian Defence Accounts Service, Group ‘A’
11. Indian Defence Estates Service Group ‘A’
12. Indian Foreign Service (IFS)
13. Indian Information Service (Junior Grade), Group ‘A’
14. Indian Ordinance Factories Service, Group ‘A’ (Assistant Manager, Non-technical)
15. Indian P & T Accounts & Finance Service, Group ‘A’
16. Indian Police Service (IPS)
17. Indian Postal Service, Group ‘A’
18. Indian Railway Personnel Service, Group ‘A’
19. Indian Railway Traffic Service, Group ‘A’
20. Indian Revenue Service, Group ‘A’
21. Indian Trade Service, Group ‘A’ (Grade-III)
22. Pondicherry Civil Service, Group ‘B’
23. Posts of Assistant Commandant, Group ‘A’ in Central Indus-trial Security Force
24. Posts of Assistant Security Officer, Group ‘A’ in Railway Protection Force
25. Posts of Deputy Superintendent of Police, Group ‘A’ in the Central Bureau of Investigation
26. Railway Board Secretariat Service, Group ‘B’ (Section Officer’s Grade

Commercial Pilot

Commercial Pilot

The most glamorous and exciting job in aviation is that of the commercial pilot. Preparation of the flight plan, analysing meteor-ological reports, checking the air worthiness of the aircraft, check-ing the fuel and cargo load, monitoring the automatic flying system and manoeuvering navigational and communications systems are some of the duties of the pilot. Along with technical expertise, he should be physically and mentally alert and possess nerves of steel. In adverse circumstances, he should be a leader to his team and have the courage and confidence to make quick decisions.

Training Process
Basic qualification for pilot training is successful completion of 10+2/equivalent with 50% marks in Physics and Maths. The applicant should have completed 17 years of age.
The first step in Pilot training is acquiring of Student Pilot Li-cence (SPL). Thereafter he can start flight training to get Private Pilot Licence (PPL). This includes 60 hours of flying comprising 20 hours of dual flying, 20 hours of solo flying and 5 hours cross country flying. Theoretical examination's have to be passed in subjects like Air Regulation, Navigation, Aviation Meteorology, Aircraft and Engines. After PPL another 190 hours of flying train-ing is required for Commercial Pilot's Licence (CPL) i.e. a consoli-dated 250 hours of flying training. A flight radio operators licence and radio telephone licence have to be obtained. During CPL, the candidate should have exposure to a range of aircraft and fulfill other conditions like specified hours of solo flying, cross country flying and height flying. Theoretical papers have to be cleared and medical tests passed. It usually takes 2 to 3 years before required flying hours and classroom learning are completed.
Entry to the PPL course is through an entrance test conducted at certain centres. The test is based on subjects like English, General Knowledge, Maths, Physics and Chemistry.
Applications are called in April and sent to The Director Gen-eral of Civil Aviation (Training Section) Technical Centre, Opp. Safdarjang Airport, New Delhi-110 003.

Career Prospects: Trained pilots can seek employment in gov-ernment owned or private airlines as commercial pilots, test pilots flying instructors, flight engineers etc. Employment opportunities are few and hence a CPL holder may not get immediate place-ment. Moreover keeping one's licence updated is also expensive. But with more airlines becoming operational, one can hope for better prospects.


Glider Pilot's Licences (GPL)
The GPL entitles a person to pilot any glider aircraft. In order to study for GPL, the candidate should be 16 years of age. He must pass an oral examination in Air Regulations, Air Navigation, Aviation Meteorology, Aircraft and Instruments. He should also have completed 10 hours of flight time including 3 hours of solo flying and have the experience of 75 take offs and landings in a glider in the 7 month period prior to the date of application for licence. He also has to pass a flying test. The licence is valid for 24/12 months depending on the age of the applicant.
Flight Radio Telephone Operators Licence: entitles the holder to work as flight radio operator on aircrafts. The candidate should be 18 years old and possess a valid radio telephone operators cer-tificate. He will be required to pass a test to establish his knowledge of current communications systems. He should have a minimum of 4 months experience as flight radio operator and 25 hours of experience in flight during the past 12 months. The licence is valid for 12 months.

Private Helicopter Pilot's Licence (PHPL)
PHPL entitles the holder to fly helicopters but not for remu-neration. The applicant should be 17 years of age and has to pass a written examination in Air Regulation, Air Navigation, Aviation Meteorology and Aircraft and Engines. He should have experience of minimum 40 hours of flight time including atleast 15 hours solo flying and 5 hours of cross country during the 12 months prior to date of application. He also has to successfully complete a flying test. Licence is valid for either 24 or 12 months depending on the age of the applicant.

Commercial Helicopter Pilot Licence (CHPL)
Allows the holder to act as Pilot or copilot of any licenced helicopter. In order to qualify for CHPL, the applicant must be 18 years of age and possess a medical fitness certificate. He should pass a written examination in Air Regulation, Air Navigation, Avia-tion Meteorology, Aircraft and Engines and Signals (Practical). He should have completed 100 hours of flight time as pilot of a helicopter including specified hours of solo flying, cross country flying, instrument flying and night flying.

Flight Attendants
Flight Attendants or the cabin crew as they are called, assist the passengers during the journey. They ensure the safety and comfort of the passengers. A pleasant demeanour, confidence, patience, resourcefulness, congeniality and tact are requisite traits in the flight attendant.
Qualification: Basic Qualification for the post of Flight At-tendant are a) Graduation in any discipline, b) Fluency in English, Hindi, c) Knowledge of foreign and regional languages. d) Age between 19-22 years, e) Height 5' 2" or 5' 4" and above for women; 5'7" or 5' 10" and above for men; f) Unmarried. Preferred Quali-fication include degree in Hotel Management and Diploma/Degree in Catering and knowledge of first aid administration.

Selection Process: The selection process varies between airlines. But generally interviews, group discussions, English proficiency tests etc. are the norm.

Training: Most airlines train their newly inducted staff in proceedures to be followed under normal conditions as well as in emergencies. Trainees are also instructed on personal grooming and etiquette.
Following institutions offer training for careers in aviation: 1. Indian Airlines, Central Training Establishment, Ferozguda, Hy-derabad-500 001; 2. Flytech Aviation Academy, 102, Al-Kausher Road, No.1, West Marredpally, Secunderabad-500 026

International Focus: 1. Future Aviation Professionals of America, 4959, Massachusetts Bouleward, Atland, GA-30337; 2. Airline Employees Association, 6520, South Cicero Avenue, Befored Pard, IL 60638

Career Prospects: The service life of a flight attendant is short compared to other careers. Most airlines prefer recruiting fresh young hands periodically. Hence there is lot of scope for employ-ment in this sector. But of course this is a highly competitive sector and it is important for those in service to maintain high levels of motivation, enthusiasm and physical fitness.
Training Centres
1. Academy of Carver Aviation Pvt. Ltd. Doddanavar Trade Centre, Near Fort, Dharwad Road, Belgaum-16
2. Andhra Pradesh Flying Club, Begumpet Airport, Hyder-abad
3. Assam Flying Club, Guwahati Airport, Guwahati-7
4. Bangalore Aeronautics Technical Services, Mysore Aero-drome, Karnataka
5. Bihar Flying Institute, Civil Aerodrome, Patna-1
6. Coimbatore Flying Club, Civil Aerodrome, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
7. Faculty of Flight Safety Services, Delhi Flying Club Ltd. Safdarjang Airport, New Delhi-110 003
8. Flying Club, Civil Aerodrome, Indore-452 005, MP
9. Flytech Aviation Academy, 102, Al-Kauser, Road No. 10, West Maredpally, Secunderabad-500 026
10. Government Aviation Training Institute, Civil Aerodrome, Bhubaneshwar
11. Government Flying Training School, Jakkur Aerodrome, Yelahanka Post, Bangalore-560 064
12. Gujarat Flying Club, Civil Aerodrome, Hasni Road, Baroda-390 006, Gujarat
13. Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Akademi, Fursatganj Airfield, Rae Bareli-229 302, Uttar Pradesh
14. Jamshedpur Co-operative Flying Club Ltd. Sonari Aero-drome, Jamshedpur, Bihar
15. Ludhiana Aviation Club, Civil Aerodrome, PO Sahnswal, Ludhiana, Punjab
16. Nagpur Flying Club, Sonegaon Aerodrome, Nagpur, Maha-rashtra
17. Orient Flight School, Administrative Office: 40, GST Road, St. Thomas Mount, Chennai-600 016. Operations at Civil Aerodrome, Pondicherry-605 008
18. Sahara India Aviation Academy, 249/250, Block A, Road No. 6, National Highway No. 8, Mahipalpur (Near I.G. International Airport) New Delhi-110 037
19. The Bombay Flying Club, Juhu Aerodrome, Juhu, Mumbai-400 049
20. Udan Flying School, Indore-452 005, MP
21. West Bengal Flying Training Institute, Behala, Calcutta-700 060

Pilot Aptitude Test
The Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Akademi (IGRAU) is the premier flying institute in India. The Akademi offers opportunity to ascertain ones aptitude for flying through the Pilot aptitude Test. The assessment report is issued immediately after the test.

Company Secretary

Company Secretary

The Company Secretary should have multi disciplinary exper-tise and be proficient in such areas as law, management, finance and corporate governance. The Company Secretary offers guidance to the management on legal aspects of business which may pertain to areas like production, sales, marketing and administration. The Company Secretary coordinates the relationship of the company with its shareholders, board of directors and other official regu-latory bodies.

Job Market: Employment is available in companies, big and small, either on retainership or job basis. Private sector, public sector, small scale, cooperative sector, etc. all require the services of a Company Secretary. The Company Secretary is an important link in corporate management hierarchy.

Training Programme: The training programme is offered by the Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI). This is a three tiered programme consisting of (a) Foundation; (b) Intermediate; (c) Final Level.
After the +2 or equivalent examination in any stream, the Company Secretary aspirant can register for the 8 month long Foundation Course. Foundation examination is conducted in June and December every year. Admission is open round the year and is valid for 3 years. The course provides knowledge in Business Communication, Business Laws and Management, Principles of Accountancy and Economics and Statistics. Postal tuition pro-vides study material on all subjects. Oral coaching is also available through Regional Councils and Chapters.
After passing the Foundation Examination, the student who is above 17 years of age can register for the Company Secretaries Course. Those who have not passed the Foundation Course should fulfill the following conditions in order to appear for Company Secretary training.

i. Degree/Masters Degree in Corporate Secretaryship or Com-merce; ii. Pass in the Final Examination of ICWA/ICAI or any other recognised Accountancy Institution in India or abroad; iii. Degree or Masters in any discipline other than Fine Arts.

The ICSI holds the Inter and Final Examination twice every year in June and December. Registration is valid for 5 years from the month when application is accepted. On passing the Intermediate examination, the student is admitted to the Final Course. The student can appear for the Final Examination only 9 months after passing the Intermediate Examination.
Practical Training of 2 or 3 years or Management Internship of 15 months under a practising Company Secretary plus 4 months practical training in a company arranged by the Institute is es-sential. On successful completion of the Programme, the Institute awards an Associate Membership of the Institute.

International Training: The ICSI in association with the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators (ICSA), London, has organised a programme whereby Company Secretaries from India can by successfully completing 3 papers offered by ICSA, get inter-national certification. This will enhance their prospects abroad.
The ICSI has also established a centre for Corporate Research and Training to provide opportunities for higher education in this sector. The National Law School of India University (NLSIU) Bangalore, a prestigious centre for legal education also allows for Doctoral Research in this field. The ICSI also offers a Post-Membership Qualification Course in Capital Markets and Financial Services to allow members to gain proficiency in new areas like capital markets and financial services.

International Focus: The Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators, 16 Park Crescent, London W1N 4 AH
Future Prospects: for the Company Secretary is bright. Globali-sation and the intense corporate activity has thrown up a plethora of opportunities for the expert. With the government regulatory bodies imposing stringent legal control on the functioning of business and beefing up their corporate policing. The Company Secretary's importance in the business house has grown immensely.

List of ICSI Offices in India
Headquarter:
1. ICSI House, 22, Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi-110 003
Regional Councils:
1. EIRC, 18-A, Everest House (18th Floor), 46-C, Chowringhee Road, Calcutta-700 071
2. NIRC, ICSI-NIRC Building, Plot No. 4, Prasad Nagar, In-stitutional Area, (Behind Kalindi College), Rajindra Place, New Delhi-110 005
3. WIRC, No. 13, Jolly Maker Chambers, No. 11 (Ist Floor), Nariman Point, Mumbai-400 021
4. SIRC, No. 4, Wheat Crofts Road, Nungambakkam, Chen-nai-600 034
Following Chapters of ICSI in Kerala will provide application forms and details of the programme
1. Thirvananthapuram Chapter, Utsavamadam Buildings, Kat-tayikkakan, Phone: 451915
2. Kochi Chapter, North Railway Station Road, Phone: 392950
3. Kottayam Satellite Chapter, Eranjal Road, Phone: 572107
4. Thrissur Satellite Chapter, Paliyam Road, Phone: 331112

Cost and Works Accountancy

Cost and Works Accountancy

The Cost and Works Accountant plays a significant role in guid-ing managerial decisions. He ensures that the management deci-sions are properly based on sound information. He assigns value in terms of money to the products, services or works completed by the firm and analyses the profit potential of the various products of the company. Cost accounting is also useful in fixing the wages, incentives etc. in proportion to the company's productivity.
Job Market: The Cost and Works Accountant has a vital role to play in the large companies which sell multiple products or services from multiple locations and where performance based perks are offered to bring the best out of the workers. In the modern context where emphasis is on Activity-based Costing, the work of the Cost Accountant becomes more clear cut and precise. Those specialised in this field end up as Accountants, Costing Engineers, Finance Managers etc. of large firms.

Training: The Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India (ICWAI) exclusively administers this programme.
After passing the +2/equivalent examination, the aspirant can register for the Foundational Course. The course covers basic knowledge in business fundamentals and economics, management and organisation, basic maths and statistics and commercial laws.

After passing the Foundation Course candidates can proceed to the next level which comprises the Intermediate and Final Course. Admission to the Intermediate Course is also available to those who have not passed the Foundation level if they are graduate/equivalent or passed final examination of ICAI/ICSI/equivalent and are 18 years of age. Registered students must complete the Inter and Final examinations within 7 years of Registration. Postal or Oral Tuition is available from the Coaching Directorate of the Institute through its Regional Councils and recognised Institutions. Normal period for postal tuition for Inter and Final Examinations is 18 months. Examinations are held twice a year in June and December.

Graduate/Associate/Fellow Membership:
A student who has passed the Final Examination can apply to the Council for en-rolment as 'Graduate of the Institute'. A Graduate of the Institute who has 3 or more years of practical experience in an Industrial or Commercial unit may seek Associate Membership of the Institute. An Associate Member can use the title AICWA after his name. An Associate Member with 5 years relevant experience can apply to the Council for Fellowship. After becoming a Fellow Member, he can use the title FICWA after his name.

Post-Membership examination includes Management Accoun-tancy Examination which can be taken after a year's Associateship. It is held once a year at the same centres and on the same dates as the Inter and Final Examinations. Bachelor's Degree holders with ICWAI can register for M.Phil and Ph.D in commerce and allied disciplines.

Future Prospects: In the modern management scenario where businesses are run on sound judgement and planning the Cost & Works Accountant has a vital role to play. Liberalisation and globalisation have enhanced the importance of Cost and Works Accountants. Budgeting, Profit Planning, Product Pricing, In-ventory and Working Capital Management, Capacity Utilisation of Resources, Energy Audit, Management Audit, Planning of Mergers etc. are key areas where the Cost and Works Accountant can contribute his expertise.

CIMA, ACCA, AICPA: are Internationally recognised bodies offering specialised training in this field.
Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA): in UK is the only body specialicing in Management Accountancy.

For further details contact: Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA), 63, Portland Place, London, W1N 4AB

CIMA coordinators in India: Nanabhoi & Co., Cost Ac-countants, Jer Mansion, 79 August Kranti Marg, Gowalia Tank, Mumbai-400 036

Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA): is recognised in over 130 countries and is available in India also. Examinations are monitored by the British Council.

For details contact: Student Counsellors at British Council Libraries in Mumbai, Chennai, Calcutta, Bangalore and Delhi Or write to their Representative in India, Map Consultants, 124, Sector-14, Gurgaon-122 001

Certified Public Accountants (CPA): are strategic business advi-sors and decision makers. This qualification help in international placements and with MNCs. The progrmme is administered by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, New York (AICPA).
For further information, write to:American Institute of Certi-fied Public Accounts, 1211, Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10036


Addresses of the Regional Councils of ICWAI
1. The Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India, 12, Sud-der Street, Calcutta-700 016 West Bengal (Head Quarters)
2. Northern India Regional Council of ICWAI, 3 Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi-110003
3. Southern India Regional Council of ICWAI, 65, Montieth Road, Egmore, Chennai-600 008 Tamil Nadu
4. Western India Regional Council of ICWAI, Rohit Chambers, Ghoga Street, Fort, Mumbai-400 001
5. Eastern India Regional Council of ICWAI, 84, Harish Mukher-jee Road, Calcutta-700 025
Some Useful Addresses in Kerala
1. The Secretary, Trivandrum Chapter of ICWAI, TE9/881-1, Jawahar Lane, Vellayambalam, Trivandrum-10
2. The Secretary, Kottayam Chapter of ICWAI, Baselius College Buildings, Kottayam-1
3. The Secretary, Cochin Chapter of ICWAI, ICWA Bhavan, Door No. 36/897-A, Judge Avenue, Kaloor, Cochin-17
4. The Secretary, Trichur Chapter of ICWAI, IV/294, Tana, Irin-jalakuda-680 121
5. The Secretary, Palakkad Chapter of ICWAI, Kits College, Court Road, Palakkad-678 001

Counselling

Counselling

Counsellors' client groups are diverse: they could be young couples requiring marriage guidance and counselling, younger people with emotional problems, people in stressful jobs, patients in a hospital, students or those seeking employment.
The qualities required to become a good counsellor are percep-tiveness, sensitivity, and the ability to inspire confidence.
School guidance Counsellors

Guidance and counselling is a comparatively new addition to the field of education. In metropolitan cities there is a trend in schools to have a guidance section where students get help from professional counsellors in educational, personal and vocational matters. The counsellor provides support to the child's development at school and acts as a catalyst to help provide a conducive envi-ronment for growth and development.

Behavioural Counsellors
They work with individuals who have problems which they find difficult to face alone. These persons are not usually mentally or emotionally ill, but are often emotionally upset, anxious or strug-gling with some conflict which may be within themselves or in the environment.

Marriage Counsellors
They help to sort out the marital problems of their clients. They talk to them and make them voice their grievances. They essentially help couples resolve their differences.

Entry: Though formal training is not essential, individuals who are interested in taking up counselling as a career would do well to specialize. Most counsellors have a background in psychology as this provides an insight into human behaviour which helps them understand the problems of their clients better.

Training: A large number of institutions provide a postgraduate diploma in guidance and counselling. The duration of the course varies from a year to two years. One can also enter this field after doing a postgraduate study in psychology.
Eligibility: Candidates who have secured a Master's degree in any area are eligible for a diploma in counselling. Some institutions have a diploma course for which graduates of any discipline are eligible.

Criminology

Criminology

The experts in criminology can find employment as probation officers, jailors, social welfare officers, counsellors, etc. They can also get into crime fighting organi-sations like CBI, IB etc. or work in rehabilitation centres, juvenile homes and voluntary organi-sations. Those who have specia-lised training in forensic science can seek employment in forensic labs or in the forensic department of crime fighting units. Self employment is possible as private detectives. Insurance Companies as well as some corporate houses employ investigating officers to ascertain the bonafides of a client.

Training Programmes: Degree and Postgraduate courses in Criminology/Criminology and Correctional Management/Criminology and Forenlabs or in the forensic department of crime fighting units. Self employment is possible as private detectives. Insurance Companies as well as some corporate houses employ investigating officers to ascertain the bonafides of a client.

Training Programmes: Degree and Postgraduate courses in Criminology/Criminology and Correctional Management/Criminology and Forensic Science are offered by institutions in India. Degree holders can also opt for the one year diploma or two year postgraduate diploma course in Criminology. There are also specialised courses in criminology for those who have graduated in Law.

Syllabus
The syllabus for a course in Criminology usually includes - Principles of Criminology, Psychology of Crime, Criminal Law, Police Administration, Forensic Science and Medicine. Juvenile Delinquency, Correctional Management and Rehabilitation of Criminals etc.

Criminology: Private Detective

Security and detective services have now become very common in our big cities. This has resulted in a mushrooming of private detective agencies. A graduate degree in any discipline will qualify a candidate for a one year diploma course.
Institutions: One year diploma in investigation is offered at
• The Indore Christian College, Indore
• The National Institute of Private Investigation, New Delhi

Short term training courses:
• ACE Detectives India International Securities, New Delhi
• All India Private Detectives Association, New Delhi
• Lancers Network Limited, New Delhi

Institutions offering Degree & P.G Courses in Criminology
1. Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002
2. Andhra University, Waltair, Visakhapatnam-530
003
3. Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gour Nagar, Sagar,
Madhya Pradesh-470 003
4. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380 009
5. Karnataka University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad-3
6. Maharashtra Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi-221002
7. Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra
8. Punjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh-160 014
9. Tata Institute of Social Science, Deonar, Mumbai-400 088
10. University of Madras, Chepauk, Chennai-600 005, Tamil
Nadu
11. Utkal University, Vanivihar, Bhubaneswar-751 004 Orissa.
Institutions offering courses in Criminology for those who have completed LLB:
1. University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi-180 004
2. University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226 007
3. University of Pune Ganeshkind, Pune-411 007
4. University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004
is necessary.

Dairy Technology

Dairy Technology

Milk being a perishable product, its procurement, processing, storage, transportation and distribution have to be done hygieni-cally and without delay. Thus good coordination between livestock owners, chilling units, pasteurising units and distribution networks is necessary.

The Profession
The technical and quality control aspects of the processing plants for milk and milk products is the concern of the dairy technologist. The scientific study of the physiology of lactation and breeding of cattle to improve dairy breeds is covered by scientists. Those interested in the processed foods market can research new methods of processing dairy products in order to enhance the marketability of dairy foods.

Job Market:
Employment opportunities exist in dairies, cooperatives, government and private research departments, teaching
etc.

Career Prospects
The White Revolution has achieved considerable success in
its objectives of popularising and promoting dairy farming in the
country. The entry of specialists in this sector has given an added
fillip to the industry. Many multinational companies are also
evincing interest in this sector and all this indicates a prospective
growth in this field.



Training Programme - Degree Courses
Course Duration Eligibility
B.Tech. in 4 Years +2/equivalent
Dairy Technology (Physics, Chemistry, Maths.)
M.Tech. in Dairy
Technology-
MSc Dairy Science 2 Years BSc/BTech

Diploma Courses
1. 2 years in Dairy Husbandry and Dairy Technology is offered
by Allahabad Agricultural Institute, University of Allahabad-
211 007
2. National Dairy Diploma (Dairy Tech.) of 2 years is offered at
Southern Regional Station, National Dairy Research Institute,
Bangalore
Qualified Dairy Technologists who wish to specialise in Management
areas can do MBA progra-mmes or Agri-Business Management
or Rural Management or Cooperative Management.
Entry to the B.Tech programmes is through an Entrance Test
in Physics, Chemistry and Maths of +2 level. The Indian Council
of Agricultural Research (ICAR) conducts an Entrance Examination
at the all India level for admission to B.Tech. programmes in
State Agricultural Universities, Central Agricultural University and
NDRI, Karnal (Haryana). The syllabus of the B.Tech. programme
in Dairy Tech. includes processing of milk and milk products,
quality control and engineering aspects of dairy processing units
and instruments.
For the Masters programme in Dairy Tech., specialisations are
offered in Dairy Microbiology/Chemistry/Animal Genetics and
Breeding/Animal Biochemistry/Biotechnology/Dairy Economics
and Dairy Extension/Dairy Engineering/Farm Production and
Management etc.

List of Institutions
1. Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, College of
Veterinary Science (Dairy Technology Progra-mme), Tirupati-
517 502
2. Allahabad Agricultural Institute, Allahabad-211 007
3. Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Rajendra Nagar,
Hyderabad-500 030
4. Dairy Science Institute, Asrey Milk Colony, (Government
of Maharashtra), Mumbai-400 064
5. Dr. Panjabrao Deshmuk Krishi Vidyapeeth, College of Dairy
Technology, Warud (Pasad), Post- Moha-445 204
6. Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, College of Agricultural
Engineering, Adhartal, Jabalpur-4
7. Kerala Agricultural University, College of Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, Mannuthi, Thrissur
8. National Dairy Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural
Research, Karnal-132 001
9. National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station,
Bangalore
10. Rajasthan Agricultural University, College of Dairy Science,
Udaipur-313 001
11. Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Dairy Technology, Lohianagar,
Patna-800 020
12. Sheth M.C. College of Dairy Science, Anand Campus,
Anand-388 110
13. University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore Dairy Science
College, Hebbal, Bangalore-560 024
14. West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Faculty
of Dairy Technology, Mohanpur Campus, PO Krishi
Vishwavidyalaya-741 252

Dentistry

Dentistry

A dentist's job includes treatment of diseased teeth and gums, extraction of irreparably damaged teeth, filling of painful cavities, surgery of the mouth and jaw, corrective work to align and straighten teeth, making and fitting of dentures etc.

Specialisations:
The field of Dentistry offers infinite scope for specialisation
Orthodontics: deals with the aligning and straightening of teeth.
Oral and Maxillofacial: experts work on the jaws and the mouth.
Paediatric dentists: are experts on dental ailments of children.
Periodontics: is the care of gums and the bone supporting the
teeth. Prosthodontics: is concerned with making of artificial teeth.
Endodontics: specialises in root canal treatment.
Oral pathology: is the study of diseases of the mouth.

Job Market: Jobs are available in hospitals and polyclinics. Self employment is also highly lucrative.

Training Programme: The basic qualification for joining a Degree Programme in Dentistry (BDS) is successful completion of 10+2 course with physics, chemistry and biology. Entry is usually through an Entrance Examination. The BDS course involves four years of study and one year of internship.

Post graduate courses (MDS) are offered in - Peridontology, Oral Medicine and Radiology, Orthodontia, Operative Dentistry, Oral Surgery, Pedodontrics, Prosthetics Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Oral and Maxillofacial surgery. While choosing a Dental Programme it is important to ensure that it is recognised by the Dental Council of India.

List of Training Institutions
1. AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Bunts
Hostel Road, Mangalore-575 003, Karnataka
2. Al-Ameen Charitable Fund Trust, 3, Miller Tank Bund Road,
Bangalore-560 052, Karnataka
3. Al-Badar Rural Dental College & Hospital, M.S.K.Mill Road,
Gulbarga-585 102, Karnataka
4. AME’s Dental College, Raichur-584 101, Karnataka
5. Army College of Dental Sciences (ACDS), Trimulgherry,
Secundrabad-500 015
6. Baba Jaswant Singh Dental College, Hospital & Research,
Ludhiana
7. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005
8. Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, 5/3, Hosur
Main Road, Bangalore-560 029, Karnataka
9. Bapuji Dental College & Hospital, Davangere-577 004,
Karnataka
10. Bharati Vidyapeetas Dental College & Hospital, Katraj
Dhankawadi Education Complex, Puna Satara Road, Pune-
411 043, Maharashtra
11. BJS Dental College, Hospital & Research Institute, Ludhiana,
Punjab
12. BRS Dental College & Hospital, Kotbilla, Panchkula-134
118
13. Budha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Gandhi
Nagar Patrakarnagar, Kankarbagh, Patna-800 020, Bihar
14. CH. Multen Singh Memorial Rural Dental College, Tundls,
Firojabad, Uttar Pradesh
15. Chatrapati Shahu Maharaj Shikshan Sanstha’s Dental College
& Hospital, Laxmi Nirman Building, Plot No.4, CIDCO,
Cannaught Aurangabad-431 003, Maharashtra
16. Christian Dental College, P.O. No. 109, C.M.C. Ludhiana,
Punjab
17. College of Dental Sciences & Research, Vattappara, Thiruvananthapuram
18. College of Dental Sciences, Davangere-577 004, Karnataka
19. College of Dental Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal-
576 119, Karnataka
20. College of Dental Surgery, Light House, Hill Road, Mangalore-
575 001, Karnataka
21. College of Dentistry, Indore-452 001, Madhya Pradesh
22. Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Kanji Thanda Kushalappa
Campus, Virajpet, Coorg, Karnataka.
23. Darbhanga Dental College, Khan Deorhi, Faizullah Khan,
Darbhanga, Bihar
24. Dasmesh Institute of Research & Dental Sciences, Faridkot-
151 203
25. DAV Centenary Dental College, Model Town, Yamuna
Nagar-135 001, Haryana
26. Dayanand Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Shavige
Malleswara Hills, Kumara Swamy Layout, Bangalore-78,
Karnataka
27. Dental College & Hospital, K.G’s Medical College, Lucknow-
226 003, Uttar Pradesh
28. Dental College, Medical Campus, Rohtak-124 001, Haryana
29. Dental College, Medical Campus, Thiruvanantha-puram-635 001, Kerala
30. Dental College, Medical College P.O. Calicut-637 008,
Kerala
31. Dental College, Siddartha Medical College, Vijayawada,
Andhra Pradesh
32. DJ College of Dental Sciences & Research, Ajit Mahal,
Niwari Road, Modinagar, Distt. Ghaziabad
33. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital,
New Bailey road (Near Bari Nahar) Patna-801 503
34. Dr. R.Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, 114, Acharya
Jagdish Chandra Bose Road, Calcutta-14, West Bengal
35. Dr. Shyamala Reddy Dental College, 298, 7th Cross, Domlur
Layout, Bangalore-560 071
36. Farooquia Dental College, Umar Khayyam Road, Edigha
Tilak Nagar, Mysore
37. Goa Dental College & Hospital, Ribander Hospital, Ribander
Hospital Complex, P.O. Ribander-403 006
38. Govt. Dental College & Hospital, 1, P.D. Mello Road, Fort,
Mumbai-400 001, Maharashtra
39. Govt. Dental College & Hospital, Afzalganj, Hyderabad-500
012, Andhra Pradesh
40. Govt. Dental College & Hospital, Medical College Campus,
Aurangabad-431 001
41. Govt. Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur-440 003, Maharashtra
42. Govt. Dental College & Hospital, New Civil Hospital Compound,
Asarwa, Ahmedabad-380 016, Gujarat
43. Govt. Dental College & Hospital, Patiala-147 001, Punjab
44. Govt. Dental College, Fort, Bangalore-560 002, Karnataka
45. Govt. Dental College, Jamnagar-361 008, Gujarat
46. Govt. Dental College, SMHS Hospital Premises, Srinagar,
J&K
47. Guru Nanak Dev Dental College & Research Institute,
Lakhmir Wala Road, Sunam-148 028
48. Guru Nanak Dev Dental College, Sunam, Punjab
49. Himachal Dental College, Dr. Puranchand Medical Charitable
Trust, Sunder Nagar, Himachal Pradesh
50. HKDET’s Dental College & Hospital, Humnabad-585 330
51. HKE Society’s Dental College, Gulbarga-585 105, Karnataka
52. I.T.S.Centre for Dental Studies & Research, Delhi-Meerut
Road, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad-201 206
53. ITS Centre for Dental Studies & Research, Delhi-Meerut
Road, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201 206
54. Jagadguru Shri Shivarathreeswara Dental College and Hospital,
Shri Shivarathreeswara, Mysore-570 015, Karnataka
55. Jamanlal Goenka Dental College & Hospital, Gorakshan
Road, P.O. Box No. 153, Akola-444 004, Maharashtra
56. JKK Natarajah Dental College, Komarapalayam-638 183,
Tamil Nadu
57. KGF College of Dental Sciences, No. 36, Temple road,
BEML Nagar, Kolar Gold, Kolar Gold Fields-563 115,
Karnataka
58. Khalsa Dental College & Hospital, Nangal Kalan, Mansa
59. KLE Society’s Dental College, Bangalore
60. KLE Society’s Dental College, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical
College Campus, Belgaum-590 010, Kar-nataka
61. Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Hunasa-maranathalli,
Vie Yelahanka, Bangalore-562 157, Karnataka
62. KVG Dental College & Hospital, Kurunjibag Sullia-574 237,
Karnataka
63. Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, 5, YMCA Comples, Maharajbagh
Road, Variety Square, Sitabuldi, Nagpur-440 001
64. Maaruti College of Dental Sciences & Research, Bangalore
65. Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Old Secretarial
Building, Pondicherry-605 006
66. Mahatma Gandhi Dental College & Hospital, Pondicherry
67. Mahatma Gandhi Vidya Mandir’s Dental College & Hospital,
Panchavati, Nasik-3, Maharashtra
68. Mar Baselious Dental College, Kothamangalam
69. Maratha Mandal’s Dental College & Research Centre, Belgaum,
Karnataka
70. Maulana Azad Medical College, Dental Wing, New Delhi-
110 002
71. Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Uthiramerur, Chengalpet,
Tamil Nadu
72. Mithila Minority Dental College & Hospital, Samstipur Road,
Mansukh Nagar (Ekmighat), Loheriasaral, Darbhanga
73. Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Samastipur
Road, Mansukh Nagar (Ekmi Ghat), Laheriasarai, Darbhanga,
Bihar.
74. MM College of Dental Sciences & Research, Mullana,
Ambala, Haryana
75. MNDAV Dental College & Hospital, Talul Post Box No. 34,
Solao-173 212, Himachal Pradesh
76. MRA Dental College, 1/36, Cline Road, Cooke Town, Bangalore-
560 004, Karnataka
77. MS Ramaiaha Dental College, M.S. Ramaiaha Nagar,
M.S.R.I.T. Post, Bangalore-560 054, Karnataka
78. Nair Hospital Dental College, Dr. A. Nair Road, Byculla,
Mumbai-400 008, Maharahstra
79. NITTE Education Trust’s, the A.B.Shetty Memorial Institute
of Dental Scinences, 7th Floor, Ramabhavan Complex, Kodialbail,
Mangalore-575 003, Karnataka
80. NSVK Sri Venkateshwara Dental College & Hospital, Ullarahalli
Main Road, Bangalore-61
81. Oxford Dental College, I-Phase, J.P. Nagar, Bangalore-560
078, Karnataka
82. Padmashree Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Nerul
Noda, Navi Mumbai-400 706, Maharashtra
83. Patna Dental College & Hospital, Agamkuan, Patna-800 007
Bihar
84. PM Nadaguda Dental College & Hospital, Bagalkot-587 101,
Karnataka
85. Pravara Rural Institute of Dental Educational & Research,
P.O. Loni-413 746, Maharashtra
86. Punjab Govt. Dental College & Hospital, Amritsar-1
87. Ragas Dental College, 116, Dr. Radhakrishnan Salai, Chennai-
600 004, Tamil Nadu
88. Raja Rajeshwari Dental College, 26/6, Ist Main Road, Opp.
Govt. Soap Factory, Rajajinagar, Bangalore-55
89. Raja Rajeswari Dental College and Hospital, 360, 19th Main
Ist Block, Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore-560 010
90. Rajah Muthaiah Dental College & Hospital, Annamalainagar-
608 002, Tamil Nadu
91. Rajas Dental College, New Raja Nagar, (Affiliated to Dr.
M.G.R. Medical University, chennai), Vadakan-gulam- 627
116, Tirunelveli District, Near Nagercoil & Kanyakumari,
Tamil Nadu. Ph. & Fax: 04637-230066, 230072, 230111,
230142, 231808, 231809; E-mail: info@rajas.edu; Web:
www.tiec.ws
92. Rama Dental College & Hospital & Research Centre, 117-K-
137, Sarvoday Nagar, Near Geeta Nagar, Railway Crossing,
Kanpur-208 025, Uttar Pradesh
93. Regional Dental College, Guwahati-781 002, Assam
94. RV Dental College, No. CA2/83-3 Jayanagar, Bangalore-560
011
95. Santhosh Dental College, Santosh Nagar, Ghaziabad-201
009, Uttar Pradesh
96. Saraswati Dental College, 16, Goel Palace, Sanjay Gandhi
Puram, Faizabad Road, Opp. Sahara Shopping Centre, Lucknow-
226 016, Uttar Pradesh
97. Sardar Patel Institute of Dental & Medical Sciences, Chaudhary
Vihar, Utrathia Bazar, Rae Bareilly Road, Lucknow-228
025
98. Sarjug Dental College, Hospital Road, Laheriasarai, Darbhanga-
846 001, Bihar
99. Saveetha Dental College, Poonamallea, Chennai-600 056,
Tamil Nadu
100. SB Patil Institute for Dental Sciences & Research,
P.B. No. 52, Bidar-585 402, Karnataka
101. SCB Medical College, Dental Wing, Cuttack-753 007,
Orissa
102. SDM College of Dental Sciences, Dhavalgiri, Dharwad-580
002
103. Shravathi Dental College, Shimoga
104. Shri Baba Mastnath Dental College & Hospital, Asthal Bohar,
Rohtak-124 001
105. Shri Ramachandra Dental College, Porur, Chennai-600 118,
Tamil Nadu
106. Shri S. Nijalingappa Institute of Dental Sciences, Vidya
Nagar, hassan-573 201, Karnataka
107. Sidhu Kanhu Medical And Dental College, 51, C. Ashiana
Galaxy, Exhibition Road, Patna-1
108. SJM Dental College & Hospital, Chitradurga-577 502, Karnataka
109. SMS Medical College, Dental Wing, Jaipur-302 001
110. Smt. Radhikabai Meghe Memorial Medical Trust’s Dental
College & Hospital, Swangi (Meghe), Yevatmal Road,
Wardha-442 004, Maharashtra
111. Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Velachery Main Road,
Balaji Nagar, Narayanpuram, Pillikara-nai, Chennai, Tamil
Nadu
112. Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences & Research,
Sri Amritisar-143 006, Punjab
113. Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences, Cholanagar,
Hebbal, Bangalore-560 032, Karnataka
114. Sri Ramakrishna Dental College & Hospital, S.N.R. College
Road, Coimbatore-641 006
115. Sri Siddhartha Dental College, B.B. Road, Agalakate, Tumkur-
572 107
116. SRM Dental College, Bharathy Salai, Ramapuram, Madras-
600 089
117. Subharati Dental College, A-1 Samrat Palace, Garh Road,
Meerut-250 003
118. Suraswati Dental College, 16-Goel Palace, Sanjaj Gandhi
Puram, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, UP
119. Tamil Nadu Govt. Dental College, Opp.Fort Railway Station,
Chennai-600 003, Tamil Nadu
120. Thai Moogambigai Dental College & Hospital, 121, G.N.
Chetty Road, T.Nagar, Chennai-600 017, TN
121. The North Bengal Dental College, North Bengal Medical
College & Hospital, Campus, Sushratanagar, Siliguri
(Dist.Darjeeling), West Bengal
122. UP Dental College & Research Centre, Sec.I, Dr. Akhilesh
Das Nagar, Faizabad Road, Lucknow
123. Vasantdada Patil Dental College & Hospital, South Shiva
Nagar, Sangli-416 416, Maharashtra
124. Vidarbha Youth Welfare Society’s Dental College, Amravati,
Maharashtra
125. Vidya Shikshan Prasarak Mandal Dental College, 5, Y.M.C.A.
Complex, Sitabuldi, Nagpur-440 001
126. Vinayaka Mission’s, Sankaracharyar Dental
College, 44, Second Agraharam, Salem-636 001, TN
127. VM Lord Jagganath Institute of Dental Sciences & Research,
Bhubneshwar, Orissa
128. VMS International Dental College, P.O. Naimisaran, Distt.
Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh
129. VS Dental College, K.R. Road, V.V. Puram, Bangalore-560
004, Karnataka
130. Yenepoya Dental College, Zulekha Complex, Bibi Alabi
Road, Mangalore-575 001, Karnataka