Meteorology
Meteorology is the study of different processes and phenomena of atmosphere along with forecasting of weather. There are three aspects of meteorology – observation, understanding and prediction of weather. Earlier, observations were made with simple instruments like thermometer for measuring temperature or anemometer for measuring wind speed. Today, even though these basic gadgets are still used, satellites have made it possible to monitor the weather globally. Data are collected with the help of advanced computers and super-computers on the basis of which weather forecasts are made.
Branches of Meteorology Climatology: deals with the study of climate of a place or region on the basis of weather– related data gathered over a period of time.
Synoptic Meteorology This branch studies the movement of low pressure areas, air masses, fronts and other weather systems, depressions and tropical cyclones. Data are collected on a weather map, which helps the experts to get a synoptic view of world weather. As a result, day-to-day analysis and forecasting has come to be known as synoptic meteorology.
Dynamic Meteorology This is the study of atmospheric processes through mathematical equations. Taken together they are known as numerical model.
Physical Meteorology: This entails the study of the physical processes of the atmosphere, such as solar radiation, its absorption and scattering in the earth-atmospheric system, the radiation back to space and the transformation of solar energy into the Kinetic Energy of air. The parts of physical meteorology are the study of rain processes and cloud physics.
Agriculture Meteorology: In this branch focus of study is the application of meteorological information for the enhancement of crop yields and reduction of crop losses because of adverse weather.
Applied Meteorology: Here, the meteorologists use weather information and adopt the findings of theoretical research to suit a specific application, like design of aircraft, control of air pollution, architectural design, urban planning, exploitation of solar and wind energy, air conditioning, development of tourism, etc.
How to become a Meteorologist?
The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) recruits students at Grade II level through applications submitted to the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). Minimum Qualification for the above are M.Sc Physics/Maths or in Applied Physics or Maths or Computer Applications; B.Tech Engineering/Computer Science, M.Sc Electronics/Physics with Electronics or B.Tech Electronics. Students of B.Sc are also recruited in the IMD through applications forwarded by the respective employment exchanges. All those can also apply to IMD, who have done their Master's in Meteorology or Atmospheric Sciences or Geo-physics or Meteorology as one of the subjects. People with Master's degree in Physics or Maths with Astronomy or Astrophysics as one of the subjects along with Master's degree in Science from a recognised University or equivalent are also eligible to apply. Selected students undergo one-year advance course in Meteorology at IMD campuses in Pune and New Delhi.
Meteorology: Institutes offering courses
1.IIT-Kharagpurr offers courses in Physics and Meteorology
2.The Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (CAOS),
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, offers researchoriented
programmes leading to M.Sc. (Engg.) and Ph.D degree.
3.Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-530 003.
Course offered: M.Sc in Oceanography or Meteorology.
4.Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin
University, PO Cochin-682 002, Kerala. Course offered: M.Sc in
Meteorology, M.Tech after M.Sc.
5.Bharathiyar University, Maruthamalai Road, Coimbatore-
641 046, Tamil Nadu. Course offered: Diploma in Meteorology
for one year.
6.Punjabi University, Patiala-147 002, Punjab. Course offered:
Diploma in Meteorology for one year.
7.Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Fatehgunj, Vadodara-
390 002. Course offered: M.Sc in Meteorology.
8.Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur-416 004, Maharashtra.
Course offered: B.Sc in Meteorology along with
Oceanography.
9.The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi offers Ph.D.
level programmes in nine to 10 courses in atmospheric, environmental
and ocean modelling. Interested students should have a
first class in M.Sc or M.Tech.
Meteorology is the study of different processes and phenomena of atmosphere along with forecasting of weather. There are three aspects of meteorology – observation, understanding and prediction of weather. Earlier, observations were made with simple instruments like thermometer for measuring temperature or anemometer for measuring wind speed. Today, even though these basic gadgets are still used, satellites have made it possible to monitor the weather globally. Data are collected with the help of advanced computers and super-computers on the basis of which weather forecasts are made.
Branches of Meteorology Climatology: deals with the study of climate of a place or region on the basis of weather– related data gathered over a period of time.
Synoptic Meteorology This branch studies the movement of low pressure areas, air masses, fronts and other weather systems, depressions and tropical cyclones. Data are collected on a weather map, which helps the experts to get a synoptic view of world weather. As a result, day-to-day analysis and forecasting has come to be known as synoptic meteorology.
Dynamic Meteorology This is the study of atmospheric processes through mathematical equations. Taken together they are known as numerical model.
Physical Meteorology: This entails the study of the physical processes of the atmosphere, such as solar radiation, its absorption and scattering in the earth-atmospheric system, the radiation back to space and the transformation of solar energy into the Kinetic Energy of air. The parts of physical meteorology are the study of rain processes and cloud physics.
Agriculture Meteorology: In this branch focus of study is the application of meteorological information for the enhancement of crop yields and reduction of crop losses because of adverse weather.
Applied Meteorology: Here, the meteorologists use weather information and adopt the findings of theoretical research to suit a specific application, like design of aircraft, control of air pollution, architectural design, urban planning, exploitation of solar and wind energy, air conditioning, development of tourism, etc.
How to become a Meteorologist?
The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) recruits students at Grade II level through applications submitted to the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). Minimum Qualification for the above are M.Sc Physics/Maths or in Applied Physics or Maths or Computer Applications; B.Tech Engineering/Computer Science, M.Sc Electronics/Physics with Electronics or B.Tech Electronics. Students of B.Sc are also recruited in the IMD through applications forwarded by the respective employment exchanges. All those can also apply to IMD, who have done their Master's in Meteorology or Atmospheric Sciences or Geo-physics or Meteorology as one of the subjects. People with Master's degree in Physics or Maths with Astronomy or Astrophysics as one of the subjects along with Master's degree in Science from a recognised University or equivalent are also eligible to apply. Selected students undergo one-year advance course in Meteorology at IMD campuses in Pune and New Delhi.
Meteorology: Institutes offering courses
1.IIT-Kharagpurr offers courses in Physics and Meteorology
2.The Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (CAOS),
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, offers researchoriented
programmes leading to M.Sc. (Engg.) and Ph.D degree.
3.Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-530 003.
Course offered: M.Sc in Oceanography or Meteorology.
4.Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin
University, PO Cochin-682 002, Kerala. Course offered: M.Sc in
Meteorology, M.Tech after M.Sc.
5.Bharathiyar University, Maruthamalai Road, Coimbatore-
641 046, Tamil Nadu. Course offered: Diploma in Meteorology
for one year.
6.Punjabi University, Patiala-147 002, Punjab. Course offered:
Diploma in Meteorology for one year.
7.Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Fatehgunj, Vadodara-
390 002. Course offered: M.Sc in Meteorology.
8.Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur-416 004, Maharashtra.
Course offered: B.Sc in Meteorology along with
Oceanography.
9.The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi offers Ph.D.
level programmes in nine to 10 courses in atmospheric, environmental
and ocean modelling. Interested students should have a
first class in M.Sc or M.Tech.
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